Difference between revisions of "Geography Functional Chapter 1 Experiments 8A and 8B Air Occupies Space"
From wikisori
(These experiments are experiences that are meant to follow the Montessori First Great Lesson to help children build scientific knowledge of the universe and our Earth.) |
(→Variation: I added Technical aspect, which is a good reference for teachers.) |
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* The Montessori methodology first gives the concept of the formation of the earth through experiments. These experiments are the key to giving the child the concrete verification that the universe is not a static universe, but one in which elements are in motion. <br> | * The Montessori methodology first gives the concept of the formation of the earth through experiments. These experiments are the key to giving the child the concrete verification that the universe is not a static universe, but one in which elements are in motion. <br> | ||
| − | === Variation === | + | '''=== Variation === |
* Usually, the teacher presents the experiment first, and the the child does it independently using the direction card for directions. With the older children, the experiments are presented in a more scientific way. | * Usually, the teacher presents the experiment first, and the the child does it independently using the direction card for directions. With the older children, the experiments are presented in a more scientific way. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
* TECHNICAL ASPECT: Air Occupies Space | * TECHNICAL ASPECT: Air Occupies Space | ||
| − | The universe is made of energy and matter. The number of substances which | + | The universe is made of energy and matter. The number of substances which compose matter is infinite. The substances which compose matter are either simple or compound: |
| − | + | '''Simple: Cannot be broken down: elements. | |
| + | '''Compound:Can be broken down into elements. | ||
| + | Elements are made of atoms; compounds are made of elements. Once there were only 92 elements named; now scientists name 103. Elements form all the compound substances. | ||
| + | We can compare the elements to the letters of the alphabet. With a few letters we can form an infinite number of words. In the same way, with a relatively small number of elements, many substances are formed. | ||
| + | When the different elements combine, they either produce energy or absorb energy. The energy inherent in various masses is not visible as the elements are. We can only see the effects of energy, because energy is action. We can say there is the same relationship between matter and energy as there is in grammar between noun and verb. The noun is matter, and the verb is action, energy. Just as the verb needs the noun in order to exist, so energy needs matter. | ||
| + | '''EXAMPLE: Movement is energy. But we can see action or energy only in substances which move, such as clouds. Heat is also energy, but heat can be seen only in a burning substance. Through action, matter is transformed into energy, such as a burning piece of wood transformed into heat. | ||
| + | Energy is also transformed into substance. Fro example, the heat energy from a burning piece of wood produces gas and other substances. | ||
| + | Matter and energy follow certain laws in the process of combining. These are physical and chemical laws. The elements follow chemical laws when they combine to produce new substances. Example, hydrogen and oxygen, when combined, form water. | ||
| + | When elements combine in such a way that the nature of the substance is not changed, they are following physical laws. | ||
| + | There are history experiments to prove these statements regarding '''Chemical laws:''' Refer to the History album for these experiments. | ||
=== Links === | === Links === | ||
Revision as of 16:10, 3 August 2020
Contents
Age
6-9.
Materials
- Experiment 8A: a glass bowl, a small bottle, a stopper, and water
- Experiment 8B: a funnel, pitcher of water, rubber stopper with an opening, and a bottle
Preparation
- Teacher should have conducted the First Great Lesson: God Who Has No Hands/The Universe Story before beginning these experiments.
- Chapter 1 of Functional Geography is Formation of the Earth and includes Impressionistic Charts 1-6
- Functional geography curriculum focuses on a presentation of the world in terms of the active and functioning processes affecting the earth as a planet in the sun's family. Geography examines the social and cultural contexts of the world while functional geography explores the geological and astronomical contexts of the earth in the universe.
- When we teach functional geography to the child, we are both performing and recording with words and pictures the forces affecting our planet earth.
- Functional Geography is presented to the child as an experiment which isolates a concept and then an impressionistic chart which makes a visual impression.
Presentation
Experiments 8A and 8B are a part of the LAYERS OF THE EARTH experiments. What is air?
Experiment 8A: Air Occupies Space
1. Take the small bottle and cork it. 2. Fill the bowl with water.3. Dip the bottle under the water and slowly take off the stopper.
Record your observation:
Statement:
(Air Occupies space, and air rises. When the small bottle is tilted upward under water and uncorked, the air bubbles rise to the water surface.)
Experiment 8B: Air Occupies Space
1. Thread the funnel through the stopper. 2. Plug the bottle with the stopper. 3. Pour the water quickly into the funnel.
Attention: The funnel must always remain full of water.
Record your observation:
Statement:
(Air occupies space inside the bottle, preventing the water from entering the bottle.)
CLASSIFIED NOMENCLATURE:
IMPRESSIONISTIC CHART
Control Of Error
Points Of Interest
The classified nomenclature is usually presented before the impressionistic charts and after the experiments, but can also be parallel to the charts. Since the classified nomenclature can be very long, it is not necessary to present all of the classified nomenclature before beginning the charts.
Purpose
- The Montessori methodology first gives the concept of the formation of the earth through experiments. These experiments are the key to giving the child the concrete verification that the universe is not a static universe, but one in which elements are in motion.
=== Variation ===
- Usually, the teacher presents the experiment first, and the the child does it independently using the direction card for directions. With the older children, the experiments are presented in a more scientific way.
- TECHNICAL ASPECT: Air Occupies Space
The universe is made of energy and matter. The number of substances which compose matter is infinite. The substances which compose matter are either simple or compound:
Simple: Cannot be broken down: elements. Compound:Can be broken down into elements.
Elements are made of atoms; compounds are made of elements. Once there were only 92 elements named; now scientists name 103. Elements form all the compound substances.
We can compare the elements to the letters of the alphabet. With a few letters we can form an infinite number of words. In the same way, with a relatively small number of elements, many substances are formed.
When the different elements combine, they either produce energy or absorb energy. The energy inherent in various masses is not visible as the elements are. We can only see the effects of energy, because energy is action. We can say there is the same relationship between matter and energy as there is in grammar between noun and verb. The noun is matter, and the verb is action, energy. Just as the verb needs the noun in order to exist, so energy needs matter.
EXAMPLE: Movement is energy. But we can see action or energy only in substances which move, such as clouds. Heat is also energy, but heat can be seen only in a burning substance. Through action, matter is transformed into energy, such as a burning piece of wood transformed into heat.
Energy is also transformed into substance. Fro example, the heat energy from a burning piece of wood produces gas and other substances.
Matter and energy follow certain laws in the process of combining. These are physical and chemical laws. The elements follow chemical laws when they combine to produce new substances. Example, hydrogen and oxygen, when combined, form water.
When elements combine in such a way that the nature of the substance is not changed, they are following physical laws.
There are history experiments to prove these statements regarding Chemical laws: Refer to the History album for these experiments.
Links
Handouts/Attachments
